斑帖試驗(yàn)中常見(jiàn)的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題
近來(lái),很多客戶反饋在做斑貼試驗(yàn)的時(shí)候遇到一些問(wèn)題,我們選擇了一些常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題并根據(jù)”Allergic Diseases–From Basic Mechanisms to Comprehensive Management and Prevention“(過(guò)敏性疾病——從基本機(jī)制到綜合管理和預(yù)防)一書中“Epicutaneous Patch Testing in Type IV Allergy Diagnostics: State of the Art?and Best Practice Recommendations“(表皮斑貼試驗(yàn)在 IV 型過(guò)敏診斷中的應(yīng)用:最新進(jìn)展和最佳實(shí)踐建議)的章節(jié)里給出了幾個(gè)判斷。
1.去除斑試器后皮膚出現(xiàn)印記
一些客戶在斑貼試驗(yàn)完畢后,去除斑試器時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)受試者的手臂上小室周邊出現(xiàn)一圈印記,不確定是不是過(guò)敏反應(yīng)。在這本書3.2 Test Exposure Systems章節(jié)里是這樣描述這個(gè)問(wèn)題的:
The little impressions that the chambers leave on the skin when removing the test allow for assessing correct application and tight fit of patches.
譯文:移除斑試器時(shí)小室在皮膚上留下的小印記可用于評(píng)估貼片是否正確應(yīng)用和是否緊密貼合。
結(jié)論:在完成試驗(yàn)并移除斑試器時(shí),皮膚上出現(xiàn)斑試器小室印記表明了斑試器的小室與皮膚的貼合度及小室的封閉性是良好的。
2.去除斑試器后皮膚出現(xiàn)紅環(huán)
當(dāng)移除斑試器時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)受試者的手臂上出現(xiàn)一圈小室形狀紅環(huán),在排除受試者在試驗(yàn)期間局部受壓(常見(jiàn)前臂試驗(yàn))外,需要考慮加載的用量。在這本書的4.1?Dosing of Chambers章節(jié)里是這樣描述的:
The critical factor for sensitisation and elicitation of contact allergy is the “dose per unit area” (Friedmann 2006). Therefore, it is important that the dose of allergen is standardised for each type of test chamber (Johansen et al. 2015; Mahler et al.2019a). For example, for 8 mm Finn Chambers? 20 mg of each allergen in petrolatum (approximately 40 mg/cm2) is deposited from the syringe into the chamber such that it fills the well of the disk but does not extrude when the patch is applied to the back (Bruze et al. 2007b). For aqueous-based allergens, small filter papers are placed in the well and these will hold around 15 μL of liquid. The dosing of liquids is strongly recommended by means of a micropipette (Frick-Engfeldt et al.2010).“
致敏和誘發(fā)接觸性過(guò)敏的關(guān)鍵因素是“單位面積劑量”(Friedmann 2006)。因此,重要的是要為每種類型的測(cè)試室標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化過(guò)敏原劑量(Johansen 等人 2015;Mahler 等人 2019a)。例如,對(duì)于 8 mm Finn Chambers?,將凡士林中的每種過(guò)敏原 20 毫克(約 40 mg/cm2)從注射器注入室中,使其填滿小室底部,但在將貼片貼到背部時(shí)不會(huì)擠出(Bruze 等人 2007b)。對(duì)于水基過(guò)敏原,將濾紙片放在孔中,這些濾紙將容納約 15 μL 液體。強(qiáng)烈建議使用微量移液器加注液體(Frick-Engfeldt 等人 2010)。”
總結(jié):加載試驗(yàn)樣品時(shí),無(wú)論樣品是液體還是固體,應(yīng)該確保它們填滿小室,貼皮膚上時(shí),輕壓小室邊緣確保小室封閉且沒(méi)有多余物質(zhì)被擠出。由于檢測(cè)物質(zhì)的形狀不同,特別是礦脂類物質(zhì)的劑量需要培訓(xùn)和一定經(jīng)驗(yàn),確保多次操作仍能將劑量變化保持在有限范圍內(nèi)。
3.測(cè)試部位皮膚癢
一些參與化妝品試驗(yàn)的受試者反饋在接受斑貼試驗(yàn)的皮膚部位非常癢,揭除斑試器時(shí),出現(xiàn)皮膚泛紅的情況。參考《化妝品安全技術(shù)規(guī)范2015》對(duì)受試者的選擇避免13種情況下的受試者外,該書的第9節(jié) 也對(duì)膠帶刺激做了描述:
Subjective complaints. Itching at the site of applying the patches is commonly observed, it can either be due to a positive patch test reaction or as a result of tape irritation. However, some patients experience more itch immediately after removal of the tape (Mose et al. 2010; Curto et al. 2014). Various subjective complaints of patch-tested patients have occasionally been reported in the literature (Fowler and Zirwas 2018). There is no evidence of a cause-effect relationship.
主觀投訴:貼片處通常會(huì)發(fā)癢,這可能是由于貼片測(cè)試呈陽(yáng)性反應(yīng)或膠帶刺激所致。然而,一些患者在撕下膠帶后會(huì)立即感到更癢(Mose 等人,2010 年;Curto 等人,2014 年)。文獻(xiàn)中偶爾會(huì)報(bào)道接受貼片測(cè)試的患者的各種主觀投訴(Fowler 和 Zirwas,2018 年)。沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明存在因果關(guān)系。
結(jié)論:斑試器因?yàn)榭紤]封閉性試驗(yàn)而采用粘合性佳、低過(guò)敏丙烯酸基粘合劑的醫(yī)用膠布。一篇名為Nonallergic Reactions to Medical Tapes*(對(duì)醫(yī)用膠帶的非過(guò)敏性反應(yīng))的文章給出一個(gè)結(jié)論:盡管有0.3%的患者報(bào)告有膠帶過(guò)敏,但真正的膠帶過(guò)敏很少見(jiàn)。更常見(jiàn)的是,患者會(huì)出現(xiàn)刺激反應(yīng)。真正的膠帶過(guò)敏和對(duì)膠帶的非過(guò)敏性反應(yīng)在機(jī)制上是不同的。
*此文章原文地址:https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1097/DER.0000000000000098?journalCode=der
對(duì)Epicutaneous Patch Testing in Type IV Allergy Diagnostics: State of the Art?and Best Practice Recommendations這本書有興趣的讀者可以點(diǎn)擊此處獲取?,pdf,504kb.: 提取碼: 7x6u .